Original Communications:

Ami Shah Behara, Sarah J. Peterson, Yimin Chen, John Butsch, Omar Lateef, and Srinadh Komanduri

Nutrition Support in the Critically Ill: A Physician Survey
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 113-119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We identified physician perceptions of nutrition in critical illness, preferences relating to initiation of feeding, and management practices specific to nutrition after initiation of feeding. Results reveal a substantial discordance in physician perceptions and practice patterns regarding initiation and management of nutrition in ICU patients.

José I. Botella-Carretero, Borja Iglesias, José A. Balsa, Isabel Zamarrón, Francisco Arrieta, and Clotilde Vázquez

Effects of Oral Nutritional Supplements in Normally Nourished or Mildly Undernourished Geriatric Patients After Surgery for Hip Fracture: A Randomized Clinical Trial
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 120-128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A randomized, controlled, open, 3-armed clinical trial, comparing no intervention vs protein alone or energy-protein supplementation in a group of 90 elderly patients. Supplementation showed a limited benefit on patients with long hospital stay and postoperative complications.

Catherine J. Klein, Forrest H. Nielsen, and Phylis B. Moser-Veillon

Trace Element Loss in Urine and Effluent Following Traumatic Injury
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 129-139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Trauma patients excrete substantial urinary nickel and selenium but little manganese. Current guidelines of 60-100 µg/d of parenteral manganese may be excessive, especially if bile secretion and fecal excretion are impaired. The uptake of manganese and nickel from contaminants in dialysate during continuous renal replacement therapy should be investigated.

Anuj Grover, Minesh Khashu, Anindyalal Mukherjee, and Venkatesh Kairamkonda

Iatrogenic Malnutrition in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Urgent Need to Modify Practice
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 140-144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Extrauterine growth retardation is an important clinical problem in preterm infants. We present data on parenteral nutrition prescriptions from major neonatal units in the U.K. The current prescription entails a significant calorie and protein deficit, and warrants an urgent review.

Andrea Nash, Donna Secker, Mary Corey, Michael Dunn, and Deborah L. O'Connor

Field Testing of the 2006 World Health Organization Growth Charts From Birth to 2 Years: Assessment of Hospital Undernutrition and Overnutrition Rates and the Usefulness of BMI
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 145-153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In a tertiary care centre, the number of children <2 years screened at risk of suboptimal nutrition (weight-for-length) using the new WHO growth standard did not differ from the number of children found to be at risk from the CDC growth charts; however, there was a shift in those identified as under- (4.4% decrease) vs over-nourished (4.4% increase). WHO’s BMI-for-age and weight-for-length percentiles for children <2 years were correlated but not interchangeable.

Dur-Zong Hsu, Se-Ping Chien, Ya-Hui Li, Yin-Ching Chuang, Yu-Chung Chang, and Ming-Yie Liu

Sesame Oil Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation by Inhibiting Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Anion Generation in Septic Rats
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 154-159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
After 1-week daily supplement of sesame oil, sesame-oil-treated septic rats showed decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and nitrite levels. Sesame oil might attenuate hepatic lipid peroxidation by inhibiting superoxide anion and nitric oxide, at least partially, in experimental septic rats.

Kevin Whelan, Patricia A. Judd, Victor R. Preedy, and Moira A. Taylor

Covert Assessment of Concurrent and Construct Validity of a Chart to Characterize Fecal Output and Diarrhea in Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 160-168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A chart of patients receiving enteral nutrition for a total of 280 days underwent extensive covert validation. The chart demonstrated considerable construct validity for fecal output characterization, as did the stool scoring system and threshold for diarrhea classification. Validity of consistency categories was demonstrated by comparison with fecal water content.

Yi-Qian Nancy You, Pei-Ra Ling, Jason Zhensheng Qu, and Bruce R. Bistrian

Effects of Medium-Chain Triglycerides, Long-Chain Triglycerides, or 2-Monododecanoin on Fatty Acid Composition in the Portal Vein, Intestinal Lymph, and Systemic Circulation in Rats
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 169-175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Differences in medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides content in diets were preserved in fatty acid composition in the intestinal free fatty acids and triglycerides during feeding. In addition, the duration of lipid administration can also play a role in altering fatty acid composition in the intestine.

Jorge A. Hoher, Paulo José Zimermann Teixeira, Felipe Hertz, and José da S. Moreira

A Comparison Between Ventilation Modes: How Does Activity Level Affect Energy Expenditure Estimates?
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 176-183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Energy expenditure of mechanically ventilated patients on assisted or controlled ventilation was measured and correlated with Harris-Benedict estimates, which were either multiplied by an activity factor or not, to evaluate and compare calorie requirements.

Sandra Lúcia Schuler, Jocemara Gurmini, William Augusto Casteleins Cecílio, Marina Luise Viola de Azevedo, Márcia Olandoski, and Lúcia de Noronha

Hepatic and Thymic Alterations in Newborn Offspring of Malnourished Rat Dams
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 184-189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Protein-energy malnutrition during pregnancy causes alterations in internal organs of offspring after birth, with some not recovering after lactation. We analyzed morphometric liver parameters and used a tissue microarray technique to perform histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of Wistar rat thymus cells. For both organs, we found significant differences between pups of normally nourished and malnourished dams.

Jun Cai, Anthony Razzak, Justin Hering, Abdul Saed, Tricia A. Babcock, Scott Helton, and N. Joseph Espat

Feasibility Evaluation of Emodin (Rhubarb Extract) as an Inhibitor of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation In Vitro
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 190-196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Emodin is a nutritional supplement with a potential for inhibitory effects on cancer. We have shown that emodin inhibits pancreatic cell proliferation in 4 distinct cell lines. The inhibition is likely through apoptosis induction shown with PARP cleavage and flow cytometry.

Brief Communications:

Anastasios Manessis, Steven Lascher, Phillip Bukberg, Todd Darmody, Vincent Yen, Samy Sadek, and Iven Young

Quantifying Amount of Adsorption of Levothyroxine by Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tubes
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 197-200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We performed an in-vitro assessment of the degree of levothyroxine adsorption to quantify the amount of drug adsorbed in percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy (PEG) tubes, and how enteral feeds mitigate or exacerbate this adsorption.

Techniques, Materials, Devices:

Maria Skouroliakou, Chrysoula Matthaiou, Antonia Chiou, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Antonis Gounaris, Tony Nunn, and Nikolaos Andrikopoulos

Physicochemical Stability of Parenteral Nutrition Supplied as All-in-One for Neonates
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 201-209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
All-in-one parenteral admixtures have been shown to be advantageous clinically and economically. This study intended to introduce all-in-one parenteral regimes for neonates.

Editorials:

Paul Wischmeyer

Research and Advocacy in Nutrition Therapy: Our Specialty Needs You
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 210-212. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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