Brief Communications:

David H. Herndon and Jan Wernerman

Brussels 2007 Roundtable on Metabolism in Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 1-5. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
At the March 2007 International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (ISICEM), thirty speakers from Europe and North America participated in presentations and discussions on metabolism in sepsis and multiple organ failure. This is a brief report on that roundtable.

Annette Hauenschild, Nils Ewald, Thorsten Klauke, Ariane Liebchen, Reinhard Georg Bretzel, Hans-Ulrich Kloer, and Philip Daniel Hardt

Effect of Liquid Pancreatic Enzymes on the Assimilation of Fat in Different Liquid Formula Diets
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 98-100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In this study, we demonstrate complete lipolysis by liquid enzyme preparations in diverse formula diets. The use of liquid pancreatic enzymes seems to be a good therapeutic option in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and need of permanent high-caloric enteral feeding.

Original Communications:

Jodie Bryk, Mazen Zenati, Raquel Forsythe, Andrew Peitzman, and Juan B. Ochoa

Effect of Calorically Dense Enteral Nutrition Formulas on Outcome in Critically Ill Trauma and Surgical Patients
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 6-11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This retrospective study observes the effect of high-caloric formula on outcome of critically ill trauma and surgical patients. The data generated suggest that what a patient is fed affects both short-and long-term outcomes.

Zhao Kun, Zhang Haiyun, Wang Meng, Li Ning, Li Yousheng, and Li Jieshou

Dietary -3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Can Inhibit Expression of Granzyme B, Perforin, and Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor in Rat Model of Small Bowel Transplant Chronic Rejection
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 12-17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We used the flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase–PCR to demonstrate that -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased rate of the apoptosis, and can inhibit the expression of some protein that can induce cell death.

Marcus J. Dortch, Nathan T. Mowery, Asli Ozdas, Lesly Dossett, Hanqing Cao, Bryan Collier, Gwen Holder, Randolph A. Miller, and Addison K. May

A Computerized Insulin Infusion Titration Protocol Improves Glucose Control With Less Hypoglycemia Compared to a Manual Titration Protocol in a Trauma Intensive Care Unit
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 18-27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
For a carefully defined cohort of 552 critically ill, ventilated trauma patients, a computerized insulin glycemia control protocol was compared to a previous manual protocol. Targeting 80–110 mg/dL, the computerized protocol significantly reduced hyperglycemia, with fewer hypoglycemic episodes.

Margaret McQuiggan, Rosemary Kozar, R. Matthew Sailors, Chul Ahn, Bruce McKinley, and Frederick Moore

Enteral Glutamine During Active Shock Resuscitation Is Safe and Enhances Tolerance of Enteral Feeding
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 28-35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This pilot study in severely injured patients delivered high-dose enteral glutamine beginning during shock resuscitation and evaluated the impact on gastrointestinal tolerance.

Joshua L. Hermsen, F. Enrique Gomez, Yoshinori Maeshima, Yoshifumi Sano, Woodae Kang, and Kenneth A. Kudsk

Decreased Enteral Stimulation Alters Mucosal Immune Chemokines
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 36-44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Parenteral feeding is known to down-regulate many elements of the mucosal immune system. The effect of parenteral feeding on mucosal immune chemokines has not been investigated previously. This study shows several important mucosal immune chemokines are negatively affected by parenteral feeding.

James Landzinski, Tyree H. Kiser, Douglas N. Fish, Paul E. Wischmeyer, and Robert MacLaren

Gastric Motility Function in Critically Ill Patients Tolerant vs Intolerant to Gastric Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 45-50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The administration of gastric enteral nutrition to ICU patients is commonly impeded by high gastric residual volumes. This study demonstrates that patients with elevated residual volumes have impaired motility and the initiation of prokinetic therapy improves gastric emptying to resemble the motility function of ICU patients without elevated residual volumes.

C. Lawrence Kien, Cheryl P. Peltier, Soma Mandal, James R. Davie, and Ruth Blauwiekel

Effects of the In Vivo Supply of Butyrate on Histone Acetylation of Cecum in Piglets
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 51-56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In piglets, the ratio of acetylated to total histones in cecal tissue inversely correlated with cecal cell proliferation, which was decreased in association with a high rate of cecal luminal synthesis of butyrate but increased by an exogenous cecal butyrate infusion at a comparable rate.

P. M. O. Owira and T. A. Winter

Colonic Energy Salvage in Chronic Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 63-71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Patients with pancreatic exocrine enzyme insufficiency often experience nutrient maldigestion. Maldigested nutrients may provide additional substrates for colonic bacterial fermentation. The study is an assessment of the contribution of colonic bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrate to the total body energy requirements in these patients.

Xiaogang Li, Jiaoqian Ying, Shan Zeng, Yixiong Li, Huixiang Yang, Liangfang Shen, Jie Han, Jia Chen, and Hong Shen

The Effects of a Short-Term Long-Chain-Triglyceride Infusion on the Postoperative Immune Function of Pediatric Patients Receiving a Gastrointestinal Surgical Procedure
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 72-77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The effects of a short-term administration of long chain triglycerides (LCT) on the immune function in pediatric patients receiving gastrointestinal surgery were investigated in this clinical trial. The results reveal that a short-term LCT administration at an appropriate dosage and infusion speed does not alter the pediatric patients’ general immune function after a gastrointestinal surgical procedure. The etiology and clinical significance of the slightly increased IgM 24 hours postoperative need to be further investigated.

Susan Merrick, Sarah Harnden, Shishir Shetty, Preeti Chopra, Philip Clamp, and Suneil Kapadia

An Evaluation of the "Cut and Push" Method of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Removal
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 78-80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Is it safe to remove 15-Fr gauge percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes by the "cut and push" method?

Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura, Renata Gorjão, Thaís Martins de Lima, Jarlei Fiamoncini, Rosângela Pavan Torres, Jorge Mancini-Filho, Francisco Garcia Soriano, and Rui Curi

Effect of Olive Oil–Based Emulsion on Human Lymphocyte and Neutrophil Death
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 81-87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The incorporation of lipid emulsions in parenteral diets is a requirement for critically ill patients. Olive oil-based emulsion decreased lymphocyte proliferation, and provoked slight lymphocyte death, but was not toxic to neutrophils.

Reviews:

Bo-Guang Fan

Effects of Parenteral Nutrition on the Exocrine Pancreas in Response to Cholecystokinin
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 57-62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Cholecystokinin is a main stimulator of the pancreas, but its stimulatory effect on exocrine pancreas is decreased during long-term parenteral nutrition. This may be due to other factors besides cholecystokinin that are regulated in the exocrine pancreas during parenteral feeding.

Vered Kakzanov, Paul Monagle, and Anthony K. C. Chan

Thromboembolism in Infants and Children With Gastrointestinal Failure Receiving Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 88-93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Parenteral nutrition administration for nutrition support in pediatric patients with gastroenteropathies carries with it various complications, including thromboembolism.

Techniques, Materials, Devices:

Fabio Pacelli, Fabio Rotondi, Fausto Rosa, Maurizio Bossola, Valerio Papa, Antonio Pio Tortorelli, Liliana Sollazzi, and Giovanni Battista Doglietto

Emergency High-Loop Jejunostomy as Enteral Nutrition Access: A Simple and Safe Method
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 94-97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This paper describes a simple and safe technique that uses emergency high-loop jejunostomy as an enteral feeding access. A feeding tube is inserted into the efferent loop of the jejunostomy and then subcutaneously tunneled.

Editorials:

Paul E. Wischmeyer

JPEN: State of the Journal
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008 32: 101-103. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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