Vars Award Recipient:

Gerdien C. Ligthart-Melis, Marcel C. G. van de Poll, Cornelis H. C. Dejong, Petra G. Boelens, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, and Paul A. M. van Leeuwen

The Route of Administration (Enteral or Parenteral) Affects the Conversion of Isotopically Labeled L-[2-¹⁵N]Glutamine Into Citrulline and Arginine in Humans
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 343-350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The present study in humans shows that the gut preferably takes up enterally administered glutamine compared to intravenously provided glutamine. Enteral glutamine is subsequently more avidly metabolized into citrulline, which was observed to be the precursor of arginine.

Premier Research:

Yoshifumi Sano, F. Enrique Gomez, Woodae Kang, Jinggang Lan, Yoshinori Maeshima, Joshua L. Hermsen, Chikara Ueno, and Kenneth A. Kudsk

Intestinal Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Is Affected by Type and Route of Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 351-357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Secretory IgA prevents pathogen adherence at mucosal surfaces to prevent invasive infection. Parenteral feeding impairs IgA levels at mucosal sites. This work demonstrates the effect of type and route of nutrition on intestinal polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), the protein responsible for transporting IgA to mucosal surfaces.

Woodae Kang, Kenneth A. Kudsk, Yoshifumi Sano, Jinggang Lan, Fu Yang-Xin, F. Enrique Gomez, and Yoshinori Maeshima

Effects of Lymphotoxin β Receptor Blockade on Intestinal Mucosal Immunity
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 358-365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Lymphotoxin β receptor blockade (LTβR) and parenteral nutrition reduced gene expression of mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), which is essential for lymphocyte trafficking into mucosal sites, and lymphocyte number in Peyer’s patches. Decreased MAdCAM-1 expression through LTβR blockade is a mechanism of impaired immunity by lack of enteral stimulation.

Takashi Ozaki, Masaki Kaibori, Kosuke Matsui, Katsuji Tokuhara, Hironori Tanaka, Yasuo Kamiyama, Mikio Nishizawa, Seiji Ito, and Tadayoshi Okumura

Effect of Thiol-Containing Molecule Cysteamine on the Induction of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Hepatocytes
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 366-372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Cysteamine can prevent the transcriptional activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter through the inhibition of nuclear factor B activation. This in turn inhibits the induction of iNOS mRNA and protein, resulting in reduced NO production.

Kosuke Matsui, Yusai Kawaguchi, Takashi Ozaki, Katsuji Tokuhara, Hironori Tanaka, Masaki Kaibori, Yoichi Matsui, Yasuo Kamiyama, Koji Wakame, Takehito Miura, Mikio Nishizawa, and Tadayoshi Okumura

Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on the Production of Nitric Oxide in Hepatocytes
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 373-381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
It is possible that the inhibitory effect of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) on the production of nitric oxide through the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase induction is associated with AHCC-induced protection against liver failure.

Robert DeChicco, Douglas L. Seidner, Carlos Brun, Ezra Steiger, Judy Stafford, and Rocio Lopez

Tip Position of Long-Term Central Venous Access Devices Used for Parenteral Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 382-387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Improper catheter tip position is a risk factor for the development of catheter-related venous thrombosis. The tip position of long-term central venous access devices should be confirmed before starting parenteral nutrition.

Original Communications:

Lyn Howard, Christopher Ashley, David Lyon, and Alan Shenkin

Autopsy Tissue Trace Elements in 8 Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition Patients Who Received the Current U.S. Food and Drug Administration Formulation
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 388-396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This paper examines trace elements in autopsy tissue of 8 patients receiving parenteral nutrition for an average of 14 years, and the need for reformulation of commercially available multi-trace element products in the U.S. is stressed.

Chien-Hsing Lee, Hui-Chen Lo, Ming-Chih Chou, and Huei-Ru Tsai

Oral Antibiotics Attenuate Bowel Segment Reversal–Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response and Body Weight Loss in Massively Bowel-Resected Rats
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 397-405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Clinical experiences regarding the effects of bowel segment reversal remain controversial. Using a clinically relevant rat model, we demonstrated that oral antibiotics might improve feeding efficiency, attenuate intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and decrease elevated circulating white blood cells, nitric oxide, and interleukin-6 in massively bowel-resected rats with bowel segment reversal.

Fernando Baccaro, Jose Balza Moreno, Cecilia Borlenghi, Leonardo Aquino, Graciela Armesto, Gabriel Plaza, and Sandra Zapata

Subjective Global Assessment in the Clinical Setting
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 406-409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This is a longitudinal, prospective, and observational study using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) to assess nutrition in hospitalized patients of an internal medicine service. The authors concluded that malnutrition incidence in an internal medical service is high.

Bryan Collier, Oscar Guillamondegui, Bryan Cotton, Rafe Donahue, Andrew Conrad, Kate Groh, Jill Richman, Todd Vogel, Richard Miller, and Jose Diaz, Jr

Feeding the Open Abdomen
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 410-415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Seventy-eight patients undergoing at least 4 hospital days of open abdomen care were evaluated in terms of nutrition provision, infectious complications, and noninfectious complications. Patients who received early enteral feedings had less fistulae formation, earlier abdominal wall closure, and lower hospital charges.

Yoshinori Maeshima, Kazuhiko Fukatsu, Tomoyuki Moriya, Fumie Ikezawa, Chikara Ueno, Daizoh Saitoh, and Hidetaka Mochizuki

Influence of Adding Fish Oil to Parenteral Nutrition on Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 416-422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We studied the influence of fish oil, added to parenteral nutrition (PN), on gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) mass and function. Fish oil did not exacerbate PN-induced GALT atrophy but rather partially reversed such changes.

Laurie A. Drozdowski, Miyoung Suh, Eekjoong Park, M. Tom Clandinin, and Alan B. R. Thomson

Dietary Gangliosides Enhance In Vitro Glucose Uptake in Weanling Rats
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 423-429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study demonstrated that feeding weanling rats a ganglioside-enriched diet alters in vitro intestinal sugar transport as compared with an isocaloric control diet. The lack of changes in the abundance of intestinal sugar transport proteins suggests that the sugar transport may be regulated posttranslationally under these conditions.

Reviews:

Stig Bengmark

Advanced Glycation and Lipoxidation End Products–Amplifiers of Inflammation: The Role of Food
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 430-440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Nonenzymatic reactions in the body and in the food we eat result in glycation and lipoxidation of proteins and peptides. Such abnormal molecules will accumulate in the body and induce inflammation. Numerous diseases are associated with high levels serum and tissue levels of such deranged substances. Clinical studies are warranted.

Special Reports:

A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors and Task Force on Parenteral Nutrition Standardization, Marty Kochevar, Peggi Guenter, Beverly Holcombe, Ainsley Malone, and Jay Mirtallo

A.S.P.E.N. Statement on Parenteral Nutrition Standardization
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 441-448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In response to questions regarding use of standardized parenteral nutrition formulations, A.S.P.E.N. developed a statement to present the published literature associated with standardized PN formulations, to provide recommendations, and to identify areas in need of future research.

Editorials:

Charles W. Van Way, III

The Great Demographic Trap
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 449-450. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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