Nutrition Week Scientific Abstracts:

CLINICAL NUTRITION WEEK 2007 Abstracts
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: S1-S70. [PDF]  

Original Communications:

Yoshinori Fujimura, Ken Haruma, and Robert L. Owen

Bombesin Prevents the Atrophy of Peyer's Patches and the Dysfunction of M Cells in Rabbits Receiving Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 75-85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Bombesin could prevent the atrophy of Peyer’s patches and the decrease in number of and particle transport by M cells of Peyer’s patches in rabbits under long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). These findings suggest that neuropeptides such as bombesin may be of therapeutic use not only in reducing sepsis but also in preventing atrophy of intestinal mucosa and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in patients receiving PN.

Qian Huang, Ning Li, Weiming Zhu, Qiurong Li, and Jieshou Li

Glutamine Transporter ASCT2 Was Down-Regulated in Ischemic Injured Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Reversed by Epidermal Growth Factor
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 86-93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In this in vitro study, L-glutamine transport and its transporter ASCT2 were found to be significantly decreased in ischemic injured Caco-2 cells. After epidermal growth factor (100 µg/mL) incubation for 1–2 hours, the down-regulation of L-glutamine transport and expression of ASCT2 were reversed.

Rongjie Yang, Lisa Martin-Hawver, Charles Woodall, Ann Thomas, Nilofer Qureshi, David Morrison, and Charles Van Way, III

Administration of Glutamine After Hemorrhagic Shock Restores Cellular Energy, Reduces Cell Apoptosis and Damage, and Increases Survival
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 94-100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Glutamine, administered during resuscitation in an experimental model of hemorrhagic shock, helps restore liver cellular adenosine triphosphate, reduces the metabolite xanthine, reduces apoptosis, and increases survival.

Carmelo Nieves, Jr, Harry S. Sitren, Kelli A. Herrlinger-Garcia, and Bobbi Langkamp-Henken

Pharmacologic Levels of Dietary Arginine in CB6F1 Mice Increase Serum Ammonia in the Healthy State and Serum Nitrite in Endotoxemia
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 101-108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Graded doses of dietary arginine (10 g, 20 g, or 30 g/100 g protein) before induction of endotoxemia increased serum concentrations of arginine or arginine metabolites in mice. Twenty grams offered benefit over an isonitrogenous diet during endotoxemia, whereas 30 g initially impaired growth and generated excess ammonia in healthy mice, and elevated serum nitrite with endotoxemia.

Daren K. Heyland, Rupinder Dhaliwalm, Andrew Day, John Drover, Helene Cote, and Paul Wischmeyer

Optimizing the Dose of Glutamine Dipeptides and Antioxidants in Critically Ill Patients: A Phase I Dose-Finding Study
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 109-118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Supplementation with glutamine and antioxidants may be associated with an improvement in clinical outcomes, but the optimal dose of these substrates is unknown. In this study, we determine the safety of high doses of glutamine and antioxidants in critically ill patients receiving enteral feedings.

Alenka Spindler-Vesel, Stig Bengmark, Irena Vovk, Ognjen Cerovic, and Lidija Kompan

Synbiotics, Prebiotics, Glutamine, or Peptide in Early Enteral Nutrition: A Randomized Study in Trauma Patients
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 119-126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The study focuses on the influence of specific immunonutrients on intestinal permeability and clinical outcome. Patients who received the immunomodulatory treatment supplemented with Synbiotic exhibited less infections and lower intestinal permeability compared with the other 3 treatment groups.

Julie Fairman, Charlene Compher, Jon Morris, and James L. Mullen

Living Long With Short Bowel Syndrome: A Historical Case of Twenty-Nine Years of Living With Home Parenteral Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 127-134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This paper presents the case of one of the first and longest survivors of home parenteral nutrition within the historical context of the development of new technologies and science in the field.

Elaheh Aghdassi, Bianca Arendt, Irving E. Salit, and Johane P. Allard

Estimation of Body Fat Mass Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Bioelectric Impedance Analysis, and Anthropometry in HIV-Positive Male Subjects Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 135-141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Although estimates of body fat by both bioelectric impedance analysis and anthropometric techniques did not agree with estimates using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, the bias for both techniques was relatively small. Thus, all 3 techniques can be used for monitoring of total body fat mass in HIV-positive male subjects.

Charlene Compher, Michael Pazianas, Stephen Benedict, John C. Brown, Bruce P. Kinosian, and Mary Hise

Systemic Inflammatory Mediators and Bone Homeostasis in Intestinal Failure
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 142-147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Patients with intestinal failure have a proinflammatory state. Metabolic bone disease has high prevalence in patients with intestinal failure. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the proinflammatory state was related to bone disease.

David F. Driscoll, Pei-Ra Ling, and Bruce R. Bistrian

Physical Stability of 20% Lipid Injectable Emulsions via Simulated Syringe Infusion: Effects of Glass vs Plastic Product Packaging
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 148-153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) proposes a stability-indicating method that limits the large-diameter fat globules present in lipid injectable emulsions. This study investigated compliance with these limits in 2 lipids products (glass vs plastic containers). The results suggest that lipids packaged in plastic fail to meet USP limits and seem to be less stable than those in glass bottles as a syringe infusion.

Letters to the Editor:

Peter E. Spronk, Johannes H. Rommes, and Michael A. Kuiper

Structural Underfeeding Due to Inaccurate Feeding Pumps?
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 154. [Full Text] [PDF]  

Robert Tepaske and Marcus J. Schultz

The authors respond
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 154-155. [Full Text]  

Editorials:

Charles W. Van Way, III

The Long View
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007 31: 156-158. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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