Original Communications:

Milan Holecek, Tomas Muthny, Miroslav Kovarik, and Ludek Sispera

Simultaneous Infusion of Glutamine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) to Septic Rats Does Not Have More Favorable Effect on Protein Synthesis in Muscle, Liver, and Small Intestine Than Separate Infusions
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 467-473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A decrease in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, liver, and jejunum was observed in rats with turpentine-induced sepsis. Glutamine infusion stimulated protein synthesis in the liver. Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) infusion had no effect. Synergistic effect of simultaneous infusion of glutamine and BCAA on protein synthesis was not observed.

Xiaoyi Sun, Ariel U. Spencer, Hua Yang, Emir Q. Haxhija, and Daniel H. Teitelbaum

Impact of Caloric Intake on Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Intestinal Morphology and Mucosal Barrier Function
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 474-479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Despite providing adequate amounts of energy delivered via parenteral nutrition in a mouse model, mice still developed intestinal villus atrophy, epithelial cell apoptosis, and bacterial translocation. Mice, however, are intolerant of very high infusions of PN as technical complications were the major cause of death and complications in this group.

Vin Tangpricha, Menghua Luo, Concepción Fernández-Estívariz, Li H. Gu, Niloofar Bazargan, Jan-Michael Klapproth, Shanthi V. Sitaraman, John R. Galloway, Lorraine M. Leader, and Thomas R. Ziegler

Growth Hormone Favorably Affects Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome Undergoing Intestinal Rehabilitation
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 480-486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Adult patients with severe short bowel syndrome received individualized oral diets and were randomized to recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) or placebo to determine effects on bone mineral density (B) and markers of bone turnover. Vitamin D deficiency was common in both groups. After 4 and 12 weeks of therapy, hGH-treated subjects compared to placebo-treated subjects demonstrated increased markers of bone formation (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (N-telopeptide), respectively, indicating an increased rate of bone turnover induced by hGH. At 12 and 24 weeks, there was no change in B vs baseline values in the hGH group however, at 24 weeks there was a modest but significant decrease in B of the femoral neck in the placebo group.

Alan L. Buchman, Jon Fryer, Anita Wallin, Chul W. Ahn, Sharon Polensky, and Karen Zaremba

Clonidine Reduces Diarrhea and Sodium Loss in Patients With Proximal Jejunostomy: A Controlled Study
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 487-491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Transdermal clonidine results in a modest decrease in fluid and sodium losses in jejunostomy patients.

M. Raman, E. Aghdassi, M. Baun, M. Yeung, L. Fairholm, O. Saqui, and J. P. Allard

Metabolic Bone Disease in Patients Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Canadian Study and Review
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 492-496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The prevalence of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition is high. Risk factors both associated with and independent of home parenteral nutrition contribute to the high prevalence of MBD. This study examines the prevalence of MBD in 1 Canadian center and evaluates efficacy of pamidronate in this population.

Mohsen T. Saberi, Sarah A. Stewart, Myriam Annette, Andrew L. Knowles, Didier Attaix, and Sue E. Samuels

Effect of Energy Substrates on Protein Degradation in Isolated Small Intestinal Enterocytes From Rats
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 497-502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Studies on small intestinal protein degradation are limited due to lack of a method. β-Hydroxybutyrate but not other energy substrates decreases protein degradation. This finding might be significant in catabolic conditions where loss of protein mass is substantial.

Grant V. Bochicchio, Kelly Bochicchio, Shelley Nehman, Colleen Casey, Penny Andrews, and Thomas M. Scalea

Tolerance and Efficacy of Enteral Nutrition in Traumatic Brain–Injured Patients Induced Into Barbiturate Coma
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 503-506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We evaluated the efficacy of enteral nutrition in patients with traumatic brain injury induced into barbiturate coma. The majority developed a significant ileus, which was refractory to prokinetic agents and demonstrated only a marginal improvement with postpyloric feedings.

Shahirose Premji, Tanis Fenton, and Reg Sauve

Does Amount of Protein in Formula Matter for Low-Birthweight Infants? A Cochrane Systematic Review
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 507-514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Although accelerated weight and nitrogen accretion was noted with higher protein intakes, the precise protein requirement to achieve normal growth without short- and long-term morbidities could not be determined in this Cochrane systematic review. Future research is required to determine the precise protein requirements of preterm infants.

Jennifer L. Street, Dianne Montgomery, Stephen C. Alder, Diane K. Lambert, Dale R. Gerstmann, and Robert D. Christensen

Implementing Feeding Guidelines for NICU Patients <2000 g Results in Less Variability in Nutrition Outcomes
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 515-518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We conducted an analysis of feeding-related outcomes during two periods before vs after instituting guidelines for enteral feedings of NICU patients <2000 g. Less variability in institution of enteral feedings, number of days when no feedings were given, and days parenteral nutrition (PN) was used, were observed after instituting guidelines.

Elisabeth M. H. Mathus-Vliegen, Marjan W. J. Bredius, and Jan M. Binnekade

Analysis of Sites of Bacterial Contamination in an Enteral Feeding System
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 519-525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The safety of prolonged use of enteral feedings has previously been assessed by risk analysis of contamination of the feeding container. A new 1-L enteral feeding system with minimal chances of touching critical areas was compared with routinely used 0.5-L glass bottle systems by culturing the contents of feeding containers and delivery sets.

Brief Communications:

Neal R. Barshes, Beth A. Carter, Saul J. Karpen, Christine A. O'Mahony, and John A. Goss

Isolated Orthotopic Liver Transplantation for Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver Injury
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 526-529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Patients undergoing isolated orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease are often young infants with severe liver disease, multiple comorbidities, and poor prognosis. In selected cases where intestinal transplantation is not needed, isolated OLT can help patients achieve 73% 1-year and 52% 5-year survival.

Mohsen Nematy, Chris A. Powell, Audrey E. Brynes, Michael Pearse, Michael Patterson, Mohammad A. Ghatei, Steve R. Bloom, and Gary S. Frost

Peptide YY (PYY) Is Increased in Elderly Patients With Femoral Neck Fractures: A Prospective Cohort Study
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 530-531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
PYY concentrations were found to be augmented over the length of hospital stay of patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) and further exaggerated in response to a test breakfast. PYY may play a role in the etiology of lower appetite and reduced daily energy intake of patients with FNF.

Techniques, Materials, Devices:

Jeanine M. Graf, Christopher D. Newman, and Mona L. McPherson

Sutured Securement of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Yields Fewer Complications in Pediatric Patients
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 532-535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This was a prospective randomized trial investigating the complications of suture vs tape securement of peripherally inserted central catheters in pediatric patients.

Letters to the Editor:

Andrew Thomson

Nutrition Therapy in Acute Pancreatitis
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 536-537. [Full Text] [PDF]  

Stephen A. McClave and Daren K. Heyland

Letters to the Editor
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 537-538. [Full Text]  

Editorials:

Charles W. Van Way, III

Perioperative Immunonutrition: Good Idea or More Hype?
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 539-540. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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