Vars Award Recipient:

Zhi Yong Peng, Natalie J. Serkova, Douglas J. Kominsky, Jaimi L. Brown, and Paul E. Wischmeyer

Glutamine-Mediated Attenuation of Cellular Metabolic Dysfunction and Cell Death After Injury Is Dependent on Heat Shock Factor-1 Expression
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 373-379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Cellular metabolic dysfunction contributes to organ failure in critical illness. Glutamine improves outcome after critical illness without clear mechanism. We found glutamine attenuates cellular metabolic dysfunction after heat stress injury. Glutamine’s preservation of metabolism was dependent on presence of heat shock factor-1, the transcription factor responsible for heat shock protein expression.

Premier Research:

Fumie Ikezawa, Kazuhiko Fukatsu, Tomoyuki Moriya, Yoshinori Maeshima, Koichi Okamoto, Etsuko Hara, Hoshio Hiraide, and Charlene W. Compher

Albumin Infusion After Reperfusion Prevents Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Atrophy
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 380-387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We examined effects of albumin infusion after reperfusion on gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)–induced gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) changes. I/R reduced GALT cell numbers without significant changes of intestinal immunoglobulin A levels. Albumin moderately restored Peyer’s patch and the lamina propria lymphocyte numbers.

Kazuhiko Fukatsu, Tomoyuki Moriya, Fumie Ikezawa, Yoshinori Maeshima, Jiro Omata, Yoshihisa Yaguchi, Koichi Okamoto, Hidetaka Mochizuki, Hoshio Hiraide, and Gil Hardy

Interleukin-7 Dose-Dependently Restores Parenteral Nutrition–Induced Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Cell Loss but Does Not Improve Intestinal Immunoglobulin A Levels
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 388-394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Mice were fed a PN solution and received IV injections of normal saline, 0.1, 0.33, 1, or 3.3 µg/kg of interleukin-7 (IL-7) twice a day. After 5 days’ treatment, IL-7 dose-dependently restored PN-induced gut-associated lymphoid tissue cell loss but did not improve intestinal immunoglobulin A levels.

Yoshihisa Yaguchi, Kazuhiko Fukatsu, Tomoyuki Moriya, Yoshinori Maeshima, Fumie Ikezawa, Jiro Omata, Chikara Ueno, Koichi Okamoto, Etsuko Hara, Takashi Ichikura, Hoshio Hiraide, Hidetaka Mochizuki, and Riva E. Touger-Decker

Influences of Long-Term Antibiotic Administration on Peyer's Patch Lymphocytes and Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Levels in a Mouse Model
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 395-399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We studied influences of 7 days’ treatment of cefmetazole and imipenem/cilastatin on gut immunity in a mouse model. As compared with saline-treated controls, antibiotics reduced lymphocyte number in Peyer’s patches, the inductive site of mucosal immunity, while decreasing bacterial numbers in the small intestine.

Zhi-Yong Peng, Christine R. Hamiel, Anirban Banerjee, Paul E. Wischmeyer, Randall S. Friese, and Paul Wischmeyer

Glutamine Attenuation of Cell Death and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Following Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Injury Is Dependent on Heat Shock Factor-1 Expression
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 400-407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Inflammatory injury contributes to morbidity and mortality in critical illness. Glutamine can improve outcome after critical illness without clear mechanism. We found glutamine attenuates cellular injury and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression after inflammatory cytokine induced-injury. This is the first demonstration that glutamine’s protection against injury is dependent on the presence of heat shock factor-1, the transcription factor responsible for heat shock protein expression.

Original Communications:

Anemone van den Berg, Willem P. F. Fetter, Elisabeth A. M. Westerbeek, Ina M. van der Vegt, Hilda R. A. van der Molen, and Ruurd M. van Elburg

The Effect of Glutamine-Enriched Enteral Nutrition on Intestinal Permeability in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 408-414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The lower infection rate in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants receiving glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition may originate from improved intestinal integrity, as reflected by decreased intestinal permeability. In this study, we show that glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in VLBW infants did not enhance the normal postnatal decrease in intestinal permeability.

M. P. C. Siroen, M. A. E. van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren, M. C. Richir, H. P. Sauerwein, C. R. Leemans, J. J. Quak, and P. A. M. van Leeuwen

The Prognostic Value of Severe Malnutrition in the Development of Nonthyroidal Illness in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 415-420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study shows that peri- and postoperative levels of rT₃, T₃ and FT₄ change significantly in malnourished patients compared with well-fed patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that malnourished patients are prone to develop severe nonthyroidal illness after major surgery.

Catherine M. Crill, Michael L. Christensen, Michael C. Storm, and Richard A. Helms

Relative Bioavailability of Carnitine Supplementation in Premature Neonates
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 421-425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study evaluated total plasma carnitine concentrations in preterm neonates supplemented with 20 mg/kg/d via parenteral and enteral nutrition. Supplementation of oral carnitine in divided doses with enteral feedings results in total plasma carnitine concentrations similar to those seen with parenteral carnitine supplementation, suggesting a relative bioavailability of approximately 80%.

Darren M. Roffey, Nuala M. Byrne, and Andrew P. Hills

Day-to-Day Variance in Measurement of Resting Metabolic Rate Using Ventilated-Hood and Mouthpiece & Nose-Clip Indirect Calorimetry Systems
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 426-432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
An increased resting metabolic rate (RMR) could assist overcoming low energy expenditure attributed to the cause of obesity. In order to quantify whether the magnitude of difference in RMR due to an exercise intervention is meaningful, it is imperative to first identify natural variation that occurs within an individual from day to day without training.

S. S. C. Rao, R. W. Summers, G. R. S. Rao, S. Ramana, U. Devi, B. Zimmerman, and B. C. V. Pratap

Oral Rehydration for Viral Gastroenteritis in Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3 Solutions
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 433-439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Rachel Sorokin and Jonathan E. Gottlieb

Enhancing Patient Safety During Feeding-Tube Insertion: A Review of More Than 2000 Insertions
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 440-445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A performance improvement project led to a change in feeding tubes and in insertion procedures. Two electronic data base searches identified 50 complications in 4 years. After the interventions, complications and malpositions declined and the "number between" complications increased, suggesting an improved process.

Case Reports:

Jeremias C. Tan, David L. Burns, and H. Royden Jones

Severe Ataxia, Myelopathy, and Peripheral Neuropathy Due to Acquired Copper Deficiency in a Patient With History of Gastrectomy
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 446-450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Severe neurologic symptoms secondary to acquired copper deficiency are being recognized in patients undergoing gastric surgery. With increased use of restrictive and malabsorptive operations for obesity, more patients may be at risk for micronutrient deficiency and late neurologic complications.

David John Raymond Links and Phillip John Crowe

Horner's Syndrome After Placement of a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 451-452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A case of central vein thrombosis causing Horner’s syndrome from a peripherally placed catheter is a reminder of a rare but serious complication of central lines.

Presidential Address:

Gordon L. Jensen

Inflammation as the Key Interface of the Medical and Nutrition Universes: A Provocative Examination of the Future of Clinical Nutrition and Medicine
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 453-463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This provocative review presents Dr Jensen’s Presidential Address given February 14, 2006 at Clinical Nutrition Week in Dallas, TX. His presentation explores the key role of inflammation at the interface of medicine and nutrition in order to highlight future opportunities to bring nutrition to the forefront of medicine.

Editorials:

Charles W. Van Way, III

Information Technology: Two Dilemmas
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 464-465. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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