Original Communications:

Chikara Ueno, Kazuhiko Fukatsu, Woodae Kang, Yoshinori Maeshima, Hidetoshi Nagayoshi, Jiro Omata, Hideaki Saito, Hoshio Hiraide, and Hidetaka Mochizuki

Lack of Enteral Nutrition Delays Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Peritoneal Exudative Cells in a Murine Glycogen-Induced Peritonitis Model
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 179-185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We clarified an important mechanism for impaired peritoneal defense during lack of enteral nutrition. Parenterally fed mice showed delay of NFB activation in peritoneal exudative cells and cytokine responses in glycogen-induced peritonitis, as compared with enterally fed animals.

Alexander P. J. Houdijk, Steven J. Oosterling, Michiel P. C. Siroen, Sigrid de Jong, M. Richir, Astrid L. Rijssenbeek, Tom Teerlink, and Paul A. M. van Leeuwen

Hypertaurinemia in Bile Duct–Ligated Rats After Surgery: The Effect of Gut Endotoxin Restriction on Organ Fluxes and Oxidative Status
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 186-193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Gut endotoxin restriction reduced hepatocellular damage after surgery in bile duct-ligated rats and reversed leakage of taurine from the liver into an uptake.

Michael J. Toth and Dwight E. Matthews

Whole-Body Protein Metabolism in Chronic Heart Failure: Relationship to Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 194-201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study demonstrates that, although increased protein turnover is not a generalized feature of heart failure, a subgroup of patients exhibit increased protein breakdown and resting hypermetabolism. In addition, protein oxidation was related to reduced concentrations of anabolic and increased concentrations of catabolic hormones.

Richard Salvino, Ravi Ghanta, Douglas L. Seidner, Edward Mascha, Yaomin Xu, and Ezra Steiger

Liver Failure Is Uncommon in Adults Receiving Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 202-208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Parenteral nutrition (PN)–induced liver disease has been reported to be a commonly occurring entity in previous studies. This study suggests that when long-term PN patients are given modest amounts of total energy and minimal amounts of lipids, abnormal liver enzymes are common, but severe liver dysfunction is unusual.

Kaleb A. Brown, Roland N. Dickerson, Laurie M. Morgan, Kathryn H. Alexander, Gayle Minard, and Rex O. Brown

A New Graduated Dosing Regimen for Phosphorus Replacement in Patients Receiving Nutrition Support
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 209-214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Hypophosphatemia is a common metabolic complication associated with the administration of specialized nutrition support. We report the safety and efficacy of a revised phosphorus dosing algorithm based on serum phosphorus concentrations.

Getty Huisman-de Waal, Ton Naber, Lisette Schoonhoven, Anke Persoon, Hans Sauerwein, and Theo van Achterberg

Problems Experienced by Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition at Home: Results of an Open Interview Study
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 215-221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Open interviews with 48 home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients showed 7 central problems: negative emotions, physical problems, social limitations, dependence on others, incapability, complications, and patient-care provider problems. The main underlying elements in the lives of many HPN patients appeared to be loss, longing, and grief.

Edward Shang, Christel Weiss, Stefan Post, and Georg Kaehler

The Influence of Early Supplementation of Parenteral Nutrition on Quality of Life and Body Composition in Patients With Advanced Cancer
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 222-230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Malnutrition and rapid involuntary weight loss are prognostically unfavorable factors in patients with malignant diseases. The influence of early supplementation with parenteral nutrition in patients with advanced cancer is still not evaluated. Results of this prospective study demonstrate that early supplementation with parenteral nutrition in patients with advanced cancer can improve quality of life and stabilize body composition.

Agostino Paccagnella, Alessandra Mauri, Carla Baruffi, Rita Berto, Raffaella Zago, Maria Lisa Marcon, Daniela Pizzolato, Francesca Fontana, Lenio Rizzo, Mario Bisetto, Silvana Agostini, and Giancarlo Foscolo

Application Criteria of Enteral Nutrition in Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: Correlation Between Clinical and Psychological Data in a "Lifesaving" Treatment
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 231-239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and psychological variables related to a treatment with enteral nutrition in patients affected by anorexia nervosa. Minimal criteria for a "lifesaving" cure are also discussed. Clinical and psychological data evidenced the importance of enteral nutrition as a therapeutic tool because the psychological state of the patients did not deteriorate.

Robert E. Sedlack, Nichole L. Pochron, and Todd H. Baron

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement Without Skin Incision: Results of a Randomized Trial
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 240-245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
While some authors recommend a skin incision at least 1 cm (or larger) during PEG placement, it may be safely and successfully performed without a skin incision. Omitting the skin incision may allow anticoagulation to be instituted earlier after PEG placement. Larger skin incisions may not reduce local complications of PEG placement.

Techniques, Materials, Devices:

Justine R. Rubenbauer, Darcy L. Johannsen, Shawn M. Baier, Ruth Litchfield, and Paul J. Flakoll

The Use of a Handheld Calorimetry Unit to Estimate Energy Expenditure During Different Physiological Conditions
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 246-250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study compared a portable handheld indirect calorimetry device to a metabolic cart during postabsorptive resting, postprandial resting, and while walking in place. The handheld device provided similar estimates of energy expenditure when compared to the metabolic cart during all 3 conditions.

Case Reports:

Patricia Sanchez-Fermin, Andrew Ukleja, and Marcia Cruz-Correa

Successful Long-Term Jejunostomy Feedings in Relapsing Pancreatitis: A Case Report
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 251-253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
We describe the use of long-term jejunal feedings for treatment and prevention of relapsing pancreatitis (RP). After starting jejunal feedings, the patient only had 1 episode of pancreatitis in a 24-month period, which occurred when resuming oral diet. Jejunal feedings appear to be a good alternative treatment for patients with RP when other therapies fail.

Review 2005 Research Workshop:

Stanley A. Nasraway, Jr

Hyperglycemia During Critical Illness
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 254-258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Salient literature is reviewed describing the benefits of tight glycemic control in critically ill patients, comparing outcome differences in subgroup populations. Hypoglycemia and other pitfalls with implementation of an intensive insulin protocol are discussed.

Special Reports:

David Seres, Gordon S. Sacks, Craig A. Pedersen, Todd W. Canada, Deborah Johnson, Vanessa Kumpf, Peggi Guenter, Craig Petersen, and Jay Mirtallo

Parenteral Nutrition Safe Practices: Results of the 2003 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Survey
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 259-265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Task Force of Safe Practices for Parenteral Nutrition (PN) conducted a survey of current policies, procedures, and oversight processes being used by healthcare organizations for ordering, compounding, and administering PN. A potential for serious adverse events with PN was identified. Significant variation in the manner by which PN was ordered and labeled was found, and this may cause system errors that result in PN adverse events.

Editorial:

Charles W. Van Way, III

The Vulnerability of Biomedical Science
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006 30: 266-267. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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