Special Reports:

Task Force for the Revision of Safe Practices for Parenteral Nutrition, Jay Mirtallo, Todd Canada, Deborah Johnson, Vanessa Kumpf, Craig Petersen, Gordon Sacks, David Seres, and Peggi Guenter

Safe Practices for Parenteral Nutrition
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: S39-S70. [PDF]  

Original Communications:

Zhu Weiming, Li Ning, and Li Jieshou

Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone and Enteral Nutrition on Short Bowel Syndrome
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 377-381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Thirty-seven patients with short bowel syndrome received bowel rehabilitation therapy with enteral nutrition supplemented with high carbohydrate low fat diet (HCLF diet), glutamine and recombinant human growth hormone, after which 21 patients weaned off total parenteral nutrition and relied on enteral nutrition and HCLF diet. These results suggest that providing patients with enteral nutrition and HCLF diet, glutamine, and recombinant human growth hormone may allow weaning off parenteral nutrition in a significant number of patients.

Robert J. Nijveldt, Tom Teerlink, Michiel P. C. Siroen, Ben van der Hoven, Hubert A. Prins, Marinus J. Wiezer, Catharina Meijer, Joost R. M. van der Sijp, Miguel A. Cuesta, Sybren Meijer, and Paul A. M. van Leeuwen

Elevation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Patients Developing Hepatic Failure After Major Hepatectomy
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 382-387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (AA), an endogenous inhibitor of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway, are found to be elevated in the postoperative course after major hepatectomy. The results of this study suggest an important role for the liver in the elimination of ADMA.

Naohiro Washizawa, Li H. Gu, Liang Gu, Kyle P. Openo, Dean P. Jones, and Thomas R. Ziegler

Comparative Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 (GLP-2), Growth Hormone (GH), and Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) on Markers of Gut Adaptation After Massive Small Bowel Resection in Rats
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 399-409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In rats subjected to 80% jejunoileal resection, administration of the growth factors glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), growth hormone (GH), and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) exerted differential effects on stimulation of adaptive small bowel and colonic mucosal growth, expression of goblet cells, and the trefoil peptide TFF3 and maintenance of gut mucosal glutathione redox state.

Lalita Khaodhiar, Pei-Ra Ling, George L. Blackburn, and Bruce R. Bistrian

Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein Correlate With Body Mass Index Across the Broad Range of Obesity
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 410-415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Obese subjects have high serum levels of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) indicating that obesity is an inflammatory state. Although IL-6 and CRP are positively correlated with body mass index in morbid obesity, this relationship only holds true in males, suggesting regional differences in fat accumulation.

Jan Hudgens, Bobbi Langkamp-Henken, Joyce K. Stechmiller, Kelli A. Herrlinger-Garcia, and Carmelo Nieves, Jr

Immune Function Is Impaired With a Mini Nutritional Assessment Score Indicative of Malnutrition in Nursing Home Elders With Pressure Ulcers
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 416-422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Whole blood proliferative responses to T- and B-cell mitogens and neutrophil respiratory burst were lower in elders with pressure ulcers scored as malnourished by the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool. A trend toward lower total induration to 3 common skin-test antigens was also observed with malnutrition.

Vishal Bansal, Paulo Rodriguez, Guoyao Wu, Duane C. Eichler, Jovanny Zabaleta, Faramarz Taheri, and Juan B. Ochoa

Citrulline Can Preserve Proliferation and Prevent the Loss of CD3 Chain Under Conditions of Low Arginine
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 423-430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Arginase 1, an enzyme that metabolizes arginine, causes arginine deficiency and potential T cell dysfunction after injury. Citrulline provides an alternative route for the generation of arginine, escaping arginine destruction by arginase. This paper demonstrates that role of citrulline in maintaining T cell function in the presence of arginase.

Laurence Genton, Shannon R. Reese, Shigeo Ikeda, Tho C. Le, and Kenneth A. Kudsk

The C-Terminal Heptapeptide of Bombesin Reduces the Deleterious Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) on Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) Mass but Not Intestinal Immunoglobulin A In Vivo
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 431-434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A 7-amino acid component of gastrin-releasing peptide is capable of histologic effects upon the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of parenterally fed mice. Functional effects are not maintained, however.

Lourdes Peña de la Vega, John C. Lieske, Dawn Milliner, Janelle Gonyea, and Darlene G. Kelly

Urinary Oxalate Excretion Increases in Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients on a Higher Intravenous Ascorbic Acid Dose
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 435-438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Urinary oxalate increased from 0.34 ± 0.13 to 0.44 ± 0.17 mmol/d (p = .04) when the dose of IV vitamin C was increased from 100 to 200 mg/d in a group of patients (63.1 ± 12.2 years) without a history of nephrolithiasis receiving chronic home total parenteral nutrition (duration 55.9 ± 78.8 months).

Zdenek Rusavy, Vladimir Sramek, Renata Sucha, Silvie Lacigova, and Ondrej Topolcan

Effects of Carrier Solution on Insulin Bioavailability
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 439-441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The bioavailability of insulin from the total nutrient admixture solution is approximately 5 times higher than from the saline in the 3.5 hour experiment. The difference could be caused by smaller insulin absorption to the syringe walls and to the set, owing to the amino acids in the mixture.

Michael S. Sherman, Ajay Pillai, Ann Jackson, and Terry Heiman-Patterson

Standard Equations Are Not Accurate in Assessing Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 442-446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Overfeeding or underfeeding may cause adverse outcomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, standard predictive equations have not been validated in this population. We compared standard equations to measured energy expenditure and found they were poor predictors of caloric requirements. Until factors can be determined that better predict energy expenditure in ALS, indirect calorimetry may be warranted.

Paul R. Schloerb

Glucose in Parenteral Nutrition: A Survey of US Medical Centers
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 447-452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A survey of glucose administration in total parenteral nutrition of hospitals of the University HealthSystems Consortium suggested that parenteral glucose administration may have been excessive.

Reviews:

Murray Bern

Observations on Possible Effects of Daily Vitamin K Replacement, Especially Upon Warfarin Therapy
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 388-398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Vitamin K and warfarin are involved in coagulation but also much more. They influence cell growth and apoptosis through cell signaling, bone mineralization, and blood integrity. Use of vitamin K supplements has a wider physiologic impact than just the coagulation system.

Editorials:

Charles W. Van Way, III

Drug Trials
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28: 453-454. [Full Text] [PDF]  

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