Journal Article:

DC Gore and RR Wolfe

Metabolic response of muscle to alanine, glutamine, and valine supplementation during severe illness
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 307-314. [Abstract] [PDF]  
Using isotopic tracer techniques, this study assessed the response of skeletal muscle to enteral supplementation of alanine, glutamine, and valine in critically ill patients. This study demonstrated that administration of these amino acids fails to significantly affect muscle glutamine availability or muscle protein metabolism.

CL Kien, JR Cooper, and WL Frankel

Moderate disaccharide malabsorption does not affect weight gain and cecal cell proliferation in piglets
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 323-326. [Abstract] [PDF]  
For 1 week, piglets were fed a formula in which lactulose, a nondigestible sugar, was substituted for 50% of the lactose. There were no discernible effects on weight gain, feed efficiency, stool characteristics, or colonic cell proliferation, suggesting that moderately deficient digestion of carbohydrate will not cause clinically significant problems.

MJ Albers, EW Steyerberg, T Rietveld, and D Tibboel

Clinical relevancy of nonurinary nitrogen excretion in newborns and infants after digestive tract surgery
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 327-332. [Abstract] [PDF]  
Twenty-four-hour nonurinary, urinary, and total nitrogen excretion varied widely in 207 collections of excreta obtained 4 to 6 days after surgery in 78 patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Total nitrogen excretion could only be accurately assessed by measuring the nitrogen content of all excreta.

S Aosasa, D Wells-Byrum, JW Alexander, and CK Ogle

Influence of glutamine-supplemented Caco-2 cells on cytokine production of mononuclear cells
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 333-339. [Abstract] [PDF]  
Supplementation of enterocyte cell lines with glutamine (Gln) causes the release of mediators that influence mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells, cultured with Gln-supplemented Caco-2 cells, showed a suppression in tumor necrosis and interleukin-6 production and an increase in interleukin-10 production. Enterocytes showed a decrease in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression.

AH Tzamaloukas, GH Murata, RM Hoffman, DW Schmidt, JE Hill, A Leger, L Macdonald, C Caswell, L Janis, and RE White

Classification of the degree of obesity by body mass index or by deviation from ideal weight
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 340-348. [Abstract] [PDF]  
To identify potential discrepancies of classification of the degree of obesity by different height-weight indices, we compared the formulas defining body mass index and ideal weight and the classification of 1839 women and 5915 men as underweight, normal weight, or obese by the 2 height-weight indices.

SJ O'Keefe, W Foody, and S Gill

Transnasal endoscopic placement of feeding tubes in the intensive care unit
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 349-354. [Abstract] [PDF]  
Double-lumen gastric decompression/jejunal feeding tube placement was successful in the initial attempt in 51 consecutive medical and neuroscience intensive care unit patients. Fluoroscopic guidance may be needed in patients with gastric dilatation and duodenal compression.

Clinical Trial:

H Fukushima, Y Miwa, E Ida, S Kuriyama, K Toda, Y Shimomura, A Sugiyama, J Sugihara, E Tomita, and H Moriwaki

Nocturnal branched-chain amino acid administration improves protein metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis: comparison with daytime administration
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 315-322. [Abstract] [PDF]  
Nocturnal branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) administration improved serum albumin level in liver cirrhosis for patients who had showed no response to daytime BCAA administration. This effect could be brought about partly by the elevation of plasma BCAA concentration and the recovery of nitrogen balance.

Guideline:

DK Heyland, R Dhaliwal, JW Drover, L Gramlich, and P Dodek

Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 355-373. [Abstract] [PDF]  
Evidence-based practice guidelines for nutrition support for adult intensive care unit patients were developed. The process included rigorous attention to systematic search and appraisal of evidence, an explicit approach to translating findings from evidence into recommendations, and external review. The implementation of these guidelines will potentially improve outcomes of critically ill patients.

Biography:

CT Spencer and CW Compher

Total parenteral nutrition, an ally in the management of patients with intestinal failure and malnutrition: a long-term view
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 374-381. [PDF]  
Dr. Jonathan Rhoads played a key role in the development of parenteral nutrition, a feeding method used today for the same clinical conditions as during Rhoads’ time: intestinal failure and severe malnutrition. Specific indications for parenteral nutrition use over time and Dr. Rhoads’ personal contributions are addressed in this paper.

Comment:

SK Maithel and GL Blackburn

Feeding the critically ill patient
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 383-384. [PDF]  

CW Van Way

The Canadian guidelines
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 385. [PDF]  

SJ Ferzoco, E Matros, and SW Ashley

Electrical stimulation for gastroparesis: wired for success or just wired?
(SAGE) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003 27: 386-387. [PDF]  

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