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Energy Intake and the Appearance of 5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic Acid in Serum Lipids During Parenteral Nutrition Without Fat

Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

L.P. Bos

Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

D.M.V.D. Boomgaard

Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

W.T.J.M. Hekkens

Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

During parenteral nutrition without fat, biochemical changes in fatty acid composition of serum lipids may occur, such as a decrease in the concentration of linoleic and arachidonic acid and an increase of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid. In various reports on essential fatty acid deficiency in parenteral nutrition, the rates and degrees of these changes in fatty acid composition of serum lipids are different. We have tested the hypothesis that a relationship exists between the energy intake and the increase in 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid in parenteral nutrition without fat. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that mobilization of lipids from body fat, and thus of stored essential fatty acids, only takes place when energy intake is below requirements. Seventeen patients with gastrointestinal diseases were fed parenterally without fat during 1 to 5 weeks (mean 3.5 week). The energy supply to the patients varied from 88 to 222 kilo Joules per kilogram per day. In all patients, the fatty acid pattern of the serum phospholipid fraction was determined weekly. It appeared that those patients with the highest energy intake per kilogram body weight showed the lowest increase in 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid. In ten patients, energy was given as glucose and fructose, in seven patients as sorbitol. The type of carbohydrate investigated did not influence the changes in the fatty acid pattern. Results show further that the individual values of the concentrations of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid and of arachidonic acid provide more information concerning the essential fatty acid status of a patient than the commonly used ratio of these two fatty acids.

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol. 6, No. 2, 134-139 (1982)
DOI: 10.1177/0148607182006002134


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