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DOI: 10.1177/0148607106030004286
Olive Oil–Based Lipid Emulsion's Neutral Effects on Neutrophil Functions and Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Interactions  
From the * Department of Pharmacology and Correspondence: Dr. Esteban J. Morcillo, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain. Electronic mail may be sent to esteban.morcillo{at}uv.es.
Background: Infection remains a drawback of parenteral nutrition
(PN), probably related, among other factors, to immunosuppressive effects of
its lipid component. Newer preparations may have lesser immunosuppressive
impact. This study examines the effects of an olive oil–based lipid
emulsion (long-chain triacylglycerols-monounsaturated fatty acids [LCT-MUFA];
ClinOleic) on various functions of human neutrophils in vitro and on
rat leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions in vivo compared
with LCT (Intralipid) and 50% LCT–50% medium-chain triacylglycerols
(MCT; Lipofundin) mixture. Methods: Neutrophils isolated from healthy
donors were incubated with concentrations (0.03–3 mmol/L) of lipid
emulsions encompassing clinically relevant levels. In vivo leukocyte
recruitment was studied with intravital microscopy within rat mesenteric
microcirculation. Results: LCT-MUFA (3 mmol/L) did not alter the
N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-induced rise in
[Ca2+]i, oxidative burst, chemotaxis, and elastase
release, whereas LCT-MCT decreased [Ca2+]i and
chemotaxis and increased oxidative burst. FMLP-induced LTB4
production was augmented by lipid emulsions. Serum-opsonized zymosan-induced
phagocytosis was unaltered by lipid emulsions. Basal and FMLP-induced CD11b
expression was unaffected by lipid emulsions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced
TNF-
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, IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA, and protein expression was unaltered by
LCT-MUFA, whereas LCT and LCT-MCT decreased IL-1β mRNA and protein.
LCT-MUFA did not alter apoptosis, but LCT increased apoptosis in absence and
presence of GM-CSF. LPS (1 µg/mL)-induced increase in leukocyte rolling
flux, adhesion, and emigration was inhibited by LCT and LCT-MCT but unaffected
in LCT-MUFA-treated rats. Immunohistochemistry showed LPS-induced increase in
P-selectin expression attenuated by LCT and LCT-MCT but not LCT-MUFA.
Conclusions: LCT-MUFA showed lower in vitro and in
vivo impact on neutrophil function compared with LCT and LCT-MCT. 
