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A New Graduated Dosing Regimen for Phosphorus Replacement in Patients Receiving Nutrition Support

Kaleb A. Brown, PharmD^*,, Roland N. Dickerson, PharmD^*, Laurie M. Morgan, RN, Kathryn H. Alexander, MS, RD, Gayle Minard, MD^|| and Rex O. Brown, PharmD^*

From the ^* Department of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacy, Methodist Healthcare–North Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacy, Regional Medical Center at Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Food and Nutrition, Regional Medical Center at Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; and the^|| Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee

Correspondence: Rex O. Brown, PharmD, 847 Monroe Street, Suite 208, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163. Electronic mail may be sent to rbrown{at}utmem.edu.

Background: Hypophosphatemia is a common metabolic complication in patients receiving specialized nutrition support. We changed our previously reported dosing algorithm because the low dose no longer appeared to be effective at increasing serum phosphorus concentrations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a revised weight-based phosphorus-dosing algorithm in critically ill trauma patients receiving specialized nutrition support. Methods: Seventy-nine adult trauma patients with hypophosphatemia (serum phosphorus concentration 0.96 mmol/L) receiving nutrition support received an IV dose of phosphorus on day 1 according to the serum concentration of phosphorus: 0.73–0.96 mmol/L (0.32 mmol/kg, low dose), 0.51–0.72 mmol/L (0.64 mmol/kg, moderate dose), and 0.5 mmol/L (1 mmol/kg, high dose). The IV phosphorus bolus dose was administered at 7.5 mmol/hour. Generally, patients with a serum potassium concentration <4 mmol/L received potassium phosphate and patients with a serum potassium concentration 4 mmol/L received sodium phosphate. Patients who still had hypophosphatemia on day 2 were dosed using the new dosing algorithm by the nutrition support service according to that day's serum concentration of phosphorus, or empirically by the trauma service. Results: Of the 79 patients studied, 57 were male and 22 were female with a mean age of 44.8 ± 20.6 years. Mean Injury Severity Scores and APACHE-II scores were 27.1 ± 11.6 and 15.2 ± 6.8, respectively. There was no difference in baseline characteristics among the 3 dosing groups. Of the 79 patients, 34 received the low dose, 30 received the moderate dose, and 15 received the high dose of phosphorous. Mean serum phosphorous concentrations on day 2 were significantly increased in the moderate-dosed group (0.64 ± 0.06 to 0.77 ± 0.22 mmol/L, p < .05) and high-dosed group (0.38 ± 0.06 to 0.93 ± 0.32 mmol/L, p < .01), respectively, when compared with day 1. Mean serum phosphorus concentrations were normal in all 3 groups on day 3. Serum concentrations of magnesium, sodium, and potassium, as well as arterial pH, were stable across the study. Mean concentrations of ionized calcium were not significantly different in any of the 3 dosing groups across the study period. Conclusions: This weight-based phosphorus-dosing algorithm is safe for use in critically ill patients receiving nutrition support. The moderateand severe-dose regimens effectively increase serum phosphorus concentrations.

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol. 30, No. 3, 209-214 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0148607106030003209


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