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Preoperative Fasting: An Outdated Concept?

J. Diks, MD^*, D.E.C. van Hoorn, MD, R.J. Nijveldt, MD^*, P.G. Boelens, MD^*, Z. Hofman, MD, H. Bouritius, MD, Klaske van Norren, MD and P.A.M. van Leeuwen, MD^*

From the ^* Department of Surgery, VU Medisch Centrum (Free University Medical Centre), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Numico Research B.V., Wageningen, The Netherlands

Correspondence: Dr. K. van Norren, Numico Research B.V., PO Box 7005, 6704 PH Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic mail may be sent to klaske.vannorren{at}numico-research.nl.

Recent studies have shown that fasting during the preoperative period for elective surgery induces a metabolic state that seems unfavorable for patients. Results from animal studies indicate that rapid depletion of liver glycogen before surgery leads to mobilization of muscle glycogen after surgery, in turn leading to reduced muscle strength. Depletion of liver glycogen also influences the function of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), which is located predominantly in the liver. The MPS is essential in restricting endotoxin, which may translocate from the gut. In addition, surgery per se puts a substantial physical strain on the patient, and fasting may adversely affect the metabolic response to surgery. This paper presents experimental and clinical data that, when combined together, prove that fasting before surgery has adverse consequences for the patient.

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol. 29, No. 4, 298-304 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0148607105029004298


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