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Glutamine Signaling in Intestinal CellsDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Glutamine (Gln) is a "competence factor" necessary for intestinal cell proliferation, intestinal fluid/ electrolyte absorption, and mitogenic response to growth factors. Gln deprivation produces apoptosis. Gln stimulation of quiescent cells produces immediate-early gene expression and MAP kinase activation. However, EGF signals more powerfully through MAPKs than Gln. Interestingly, EGF-stimulated mitogenesis is ineffective in the absence of Gln. In the intact intestinal epithelia in vivo, Gln has powerful effects on absorption of sodium and chloride. Gln-stimulated absorption is greater than and additive to glucose-stimulated absorption in cryptosporidial enteritis. In the piglet ileum, Gln metabolism stimulates apical amiloride-inhibitable Na+/H+ exchange. Although one might predict powerful effects of oral Gln on absorption in babies with diarrhea, 3 clinical trials to date (one published) have not shown an advantage of GIn-supplemented oral rehydration solutions (ORS) compared to standard glucose ORS. Severely dehydrated subjects have not been studied. More important effects of Gln treatment may be seen with (1) co-administration with a growth factor and (2) in patients with severe intestinal damage, such as protracted diarrhea of infancy or AIDS enteropathy. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 23:S38-S40, 1999)
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Vol. 23, No. 5 Suppl,
S38-S40 (1999) This article has been cited by other articles:
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